Benefits from the Nineteenth Century were Unraveled by...

The final decades of the nineteenth century benefited from the fruits of artistic innovation, technological achievement, and international exchange. Unfortunately, this rich fabric of culture seemed to unravel in the Great War. During this time, many people questioned the ideas and achievements of the past, hoping to find answers that would guide them in the face of an uncertain future (The Humanities pg 1115). Artists and writers were among those who challenged the traditions of the previous centuries, and they tried to answer and sort through their own thoughts about the war and modern society through their art. A poet named Wilfred Owen was particularly influenced by the war, and he contributed to the changing art world not by introducing a new type of poetry, but rather by utilizing poetry to express new insights. Wilfred Owen knew more about modern warfare than most of his readers. Being a soldier himself, Owen saw the full brutality of World War I firsthand. He experienced the terror of battle and helplessly watched countless comrades die from both mechanical and chemical combat. Owen knew that it was difficult for non-soldiers to understand what life on the front lines was really like, so he used his talent for writing to relate the realities of modern warfare to his readers. One of the main points that he tried to make in his poems was that the experience of soldiers in World War I was completely different from the romanticized war stories that many people knew andShow MoreRelatedThe Roaring Twenties : Decade Of Transition And Transformation1765 Words   |  8 Pagesmodern era. The most scintillating impressions of that era are flappers and dance halls, movie palaces and radio empires, and Prohibition and speakeasies. Scientists unraveled boundaries of space and time, engineers built wonders, aviators flew men, and women were free to work. The country was confident and rich. But the 1920s were an age of extreme contradiction. The unmatched prosperi ty and cultural advancement was accompanied by intense social unrest and reaction. The decade was witness toRead MoreLiberal Perspective of a State7979 Words   |  32 Pagesthings over the last 400 years and has provided significant benefits to the human race. Basically, liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights and so, the main theme of liberalism throughout the period of its development was that the purpose of state is the promotion and protection of human freedom and equality and ensuring of human happiness. Liberalism meant the removal of traditional distinctions that were imposed on people. Liberals espouse a wide

A Succesful Conclusion to 1984 - 943 Words

A novel’s ending plays a very important role on the way it is perceived; for example, a novel could have a great plot and character development but having a dissatisfying ending will just make the reader want to toss it directly into the trash can. In his novel 1984, George Orwell manages to link the events throughout the novel into the most satisfactory ending I’ve read so far: Winston’s death. When reading the novel for the first time I thought O’Brien actually belonged to the brotherhood and was somehow trying to help Winston, then, after reading a few more pages I’d go back and in a way battle that thought with the idea that at the end, Winston would end up inevitably dead. It’s that what makes the ending so great, it was caused by†¦show more content†¦The more winston approaches to being sent to room 101, the more he approached to the final stage of the process, the more I convinced myself O’Brien was with the party and h ad just fooled Winston and Julia but a part of me held on to the idea that he really was a member of the brotherhood and was going to help him. By the time I got to the end, I was completely surprised when Winston was killed; I knew that ending was inevitable and past events had lead directly to it, but I really hoped it didn’t as it’s the kind of story you don’t want to end. Even though I wanted the story to keep going, I later realized there was no other ending that would really have worked without changing the novel completely; it was actually the most satisfactory ending I had ever read. This so successfully written conclusion made it seem as if the novel was built from end to beginning or carefully written working towards that end carefully linking each event while having no intention at all of having an ambiguous or uncertain conclusion to the novel. At the beginning of the Novel, Winston gets hold of a small notebook on which he starts writing about how he hates the party, emphasizing big brother, he wrote â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER†. And all the way from the beginning he knew, he knew he would end up dead if he kept going with this, he even wrote â€Å"they’ll shoot me i don’tShow MoreRelatedEssay on Communication Leads to Successful Nursing Practice1924 Words   |  8 PagesTITLE : COMMUNICATION LEADS TO SUCCESFUL NURSING PRACTICE ( REFLECTIVE ESSAY ) In this assignment, I will reflect an incident happened during my clinical placement to develop my communication skills not just theoretically but in practical facing real life environment. There is a lot of factors that may influence nursing practice. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of communication in developing nurse-patient relationship. Communication in nursing as stated by Sheldon (2004) was, ManyRead MoreEssay on Strategic Management of Human Resources2647 Words   |  11 PagesSubmission Date: 06.01.2015 Module Leader: Lynne Powell Student-ID: 139184754 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Question 1: 3 2.1 Strategic Need: Time 3 2.2 Strategic Need: Quality 4 2.3 Strategic Need: Profit 5 2.4. Conclusion 6 3. Question 2 6 3.1 Changes in Selection 8 3.2. Changes in Rewards 9 4. List of Figurs 10 5. Reference List 11 1. Introduction The case study is analysing the performance of Watsons Engine Components and in what extent the company is using practicesRead Morecase 3M taiwan2380 Words   |  10 Pagesthe best performing subsidiaries of 3M, both in sales and innovation 8 business segments, additional electronic key account The Evolution of 3M Taiwan initially a sales office gt; manufacturing gt; product development new national manager in 1984 gt; sales increased sevenfold in next 4 years (comprehensive staff training and networking, product development projects, new company culture based on customer needs) substantially improved ability to modify products to meet local needs (local manufacturingRead MoreThe Role of Groupware and Group Decision Support Systems in Decision Making5909 Words   |  24 Pagesexplaining their functionalities, specifically indicating the overlaps but also the differences in the structure and functionalities of these two kinds of systems. This article will give examples of each to try and define the concepts more clearer. Conclusions will be drawn based on the findings in the literature study. A list of references will also be attached at the end of the study. Groupware A number of researchers have come up with diferent definitions of what GroupWare is. To some the term Read MoreEssay about The Need for New Management Models in Human Resources4146 Words   |  17 Pagesin a very diverse workforce. What has value to worker A may be meaningless to worker B. And what has value at one point in time may become insignificant at another. For example, everyone has a need to eat. A big steak dinner, as an incentive to succesful completion of a task, is motivation - as long as your hungry! Had you just eaten, a steak dinner would hold no interest . An additional factor in the motivation equation has to do with the reality of obtaining the reward. 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The conclusions of the research have informed the main recommendation, to develop a new system that is much more comprehensive, and incorporates training and guidelines. That new system should be developed through engagement with staff. 3 Declaration ThisRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesstatistics Methodology Empirical results Conclusion 5 5 7 8 10 11 24 3 Misadventure and the Form of Payment in Corporate Acquisitions Tyrone M. Carlin, Guy Ford and Nigel Finch 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Factors influencing the form of consideration in acquisitions 3.3 A price too far? The acquisition of Howard Smith Ltd by Wesfarmers Ltd 3.4 Financial analysis 27 27 31 33 35 vii viii CONTENTS 3.5 3.6 Assessment of the transaction Conclusion 38 40 4 An Essay on the HistoryRead MoreHedging Currency Exposures in a Multinational Corporation26743 Words   |  107 Pages4. Simultaneous hedging of exposures 6.2.5. Summary of hedging implications for ABC 6.3. Broader implications for currency hedging 6.3.1. Differences of forward and option hedging 6.3.2. Applicability of results to other currencies and firms 7. Conclusion References 47 48 50 56 56 57 58 59 62 64 64 70 74 79 85 87 88 89 92 95 1. Introduction The hedging of financial risks benefits corporations and their stakeholders in many ways. Financial risk management can reduce the costs of financial

Richard Iii and Looking for Richard Free Essays

Context results in historical and topical info around a certain point in literary work. Every text promotes values import. For indiv. We will write a custom essay sample on Richard Iii and Looking for Richard or any similar topic only for you Order Now And groups. RIII Wanted to prove legitimacy of Queen E’s rule- ’validity of her claim to throne’ –Divine right Context: Relatively peaceful, S makes R a devil and usurper to legitimise Eliz. Claim to throne. People were aware of RIII Tudor’s overthrow of Platagenets, therefore play is dramatisation of actual events. Audience related to the values in the play-divine right, treatment and place of women, goodevil, religion. Nobles spoke in Iambic P, whilst servants spoke in rough prose, this was real, therefore made sense to the audience, everyone loved the theatre. â€Å"An honest tale speeds best, being plainly told† LFR grows from this, both demonstrate the intrinsic relationships between contexts and compositions of texts. King Richard III and Looking For Richard directly relate to historical and social contexts respectively, social drawing on historical’s challenge to the context in which it was written. Shakespeare’s play was crafted in a difficult time of political and religious adherence. Shakespeare’s portrayal of Richard focuses on his devilish and Machiavellian nature. Machiavelli’s The Prince teaches that an adept ruler should aim to achieve power at any cost. Richard is a Machiavel; he calls himself a devil, ‘Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I moralise two meanings in one word. ’ LFR ‘While some key values are explored, many are unique t the 1990’s’ The film and it’s immediacy accessibility had replaced theatre, resulting in film. Ap’s perception was that cultural societal obstacles prevented US from coming to appreciate Shakespeare. Scholars have made S seem too difficult-actors have impression that they can’t perform as well as their Eng. Counterparts. AP’s juxtaposition of the two texts and their contexts provided political insights into both time periods, and the autocratic/democratic societies. Critical reflections of ideologies. He presented autocratic nature of Eliz. society and questions whether Shak. could be democratised. Values are materialism and economism. How to cite Richard Iii and Looking for Richard, Essay examples

Health Promotion and Illness Prevention- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHealth Promotion and Illness Prevention for Aboriginal. Answer: Introduction Health promotion refers to the process geared towards enabling people to improve and have control over their health. Health promotion aims to help population live healthy and free from life-threatening diseases. In addition, health promotion enables the prevention of diseases or illness resulting from diseases such as diabetes type 2 diseases. Diabetes type 2 disease has been both economically and health-wise significant in the life of many people in Australia and throughout the world. Health promotion initiative, therefore, plays an important role in community healthy living. It takes the noble task to develop health promotion program that will assist the many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to control their lives and live a healthy life free from diseases through prevention of illness (Marshall, 2012). There are different stages of development of health promotion program. Some of these stages include assessment, analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation of the program. The following paper, therefore, explores various stages of health promotion and illness prevention program aimed at dealing with diabetes type 2 disease as a health problem. Assessment Diabetes type 2 disease is one of the diseases that cause many families economically handicapped due to its side effects. The economic effect of the diabetes type 2 points to the need to tame this chronic disease that is affecting a significant population throughout the world. In Australia alone, the economic effect of diabetes type 2 disease is great and more effort is needed to do health promotion and disease prevention in Australia (Scriven, 2007). This health promotion and prevention of diabetes illness will help reduce disease effect and promote healthy living among populations. Diabetes generally leads to various poor health complications such as blindness, amputation and poor health living. Firstly, diabetes is known the cause of blindness for many patients living in Australia. Secondly, there are ever increasing amputations in Australia that result from patients with diabetes type 2 diseases. Approximately 4400 amputations are done every year in Australia due to complications of diabetes diseases (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as one of the vulnerable communities in Australia has a very diverse culture that proves challenging despite worrying statistics about the community. Analysis Analysis stage basically involves analysis of health outcomes of debates type 2 diseases. When understanding the health data concerning diabetes type 2 disease, it is important to analyze data on health complication arising from diabetes diseases. Firstly, the diabetes health data shows that nearly 280 Australians develops debates daily with about five minutes recording one person. Diabetes type 2 patients account for over 85% of all diabetes patients in Australia with fear of a fast increase in the number. Of the statistics about 1.2 million diabetes type 2 patients have been diagnosed and registered in Australia alone thereby putting many Australians in the risk of developing the disease. An estimated number of 500000 people have not been diagnosed though they also have the disease (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Secondly, health complication such as preventable blindness also indicates a worrying data. Approximately 72000 Australians are experiencing retinopathy coupled with poor eyesight. This statistics shows that the number of patients with retinopathy is estimated to be 15% of diabetes type 2 patients. Preventable blindness is estimated to have the high indirect cost of more than $2.07 billion per year. The figure translates to over $28000 per patient suffering from preventable blindness disease. This leaves no doubt about the poor health condition that is experienced by patients (Lee, Colagiuri Magliano et al, 2013). Thirdly, amputation is another complication that characterizes the diabetes diseases. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013), there are more than 4400 amputations that are experienced in Australian due to diabetes complications. This number is also associated with ulcers that may result in mortality as estimated that nearly 1000 patients died from ulcers developed on amputated limbs. This amputation and the subsequent limbs diseases cause over $875 million annually (Australian diabetes foot network, 2012). The diabetes data overall shows that any attempt to reduce the number patients suffering from this diabetes complication will result in saving a huge amount of money normally set for treatment of diabetes and related complications. These data necessitate the need for health promotion that aims to increase community awareness on healthy living free from illness related to diabetes type 2 diseases. In order to reduce the cost associated with diabetes diseases and save life health promotion will help train people on ways to take control of their life and prevent illness. Health promotion program is one of the sustainable healthcare strategies with the scope of raising community involvement in illness prevention (Pender, Murdaugh Parsons, 2006). Health promotion program is very important for vulnerable indigenous communities such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander whose health records are still worrying. Many statistics indicate that there is need to extend this health promotion to these communities hence reduce the vulnerability of these people to chronic disease of diabetes type 2 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Planning Health promotion program planning is another important stage of health promotion program. Planning stages involves various aspects such as training staffs, gathering all the required resources for the program, developing activities that will be carried out, ensuring all the required staffs are coordinated and obtaining the necessary support from local officials. Firstly, program staffs are trained in preparation for the project implementation (Leddy, 2006). Various staffs are training on the content materials that will be used in training the community. The training also emphasizes on the communication skills that will assist the staffs in training people. Secondly, as part of planning, local authorities are informed of the pending community-based activity that is beneficial to the public. This is to ensure that there is necessary permission from local authorities operates in areas that will be covered during program implementation. Thirdly, as part of planning, the stage will also i nvolve identification of areas that will be prioritized during the program. These areas will be -visited to ensure that nurses are well acquitted with the area and communities living in those places. This also allows staffs to understand the cultural effect of training and community involvement. Fourthly, all the resources that are required for programs implementation are planned to ensure that upon implementation the program will proceed smoothly (Bartholomew et al, 2006). Implementation Implementation of the interventions aimed at preventing illness in the community involves various processes. Some of this process includes community training, the creation of health awareness and community involvement. Training As part of implementations, various training materials on diabetes disease are disseminated by our staffs to various parts of the training centers. Some of the factors that are most likely to effects training include communication skills, team building and content of the training materials (Wise, 2008, pp 497508). Firstly, communication skills such as verbal and non-verbal skills assist the staffs to training the community on control and prevention of diabetes. Secondly, team building will be the basic foundation of community involvement in prevention and control of diabetes among masses. Finally, the content of training will be affected in the society particularly to the community through staffs to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Health staffs particularly nurse will play an important role in extending training on the necessary care for both patients and families (Naidoo Wills, 2000). Training offers the best opportunity for the health promotion team to interact with the community and every individual within the healthcare chain. Training will also bring key players in health care system together to tackle the problem of diabetes type 2 disease that is currently affecting a huge number of people throughout Australia. Various staffs will build teamwork initiative aim towards bringing people from all walks of life together for the common goal of reducing the prevalence of diabetes type 2 disease in the society. In connection with Ottawa charter, the training will aim to raise personal skills and knowledge on healthy living aimed at controlling and prevention of diabetes (McKenzie, Thackeray Neiger, 2009). Creation of health awareness Creation of health awareness on the prevention rather cure of diabetes in the community is another strategy to help to create a supportive environment. The basic foundation of the health awareness will be based on the need for healthy living among people (Department of Health, 2009). In addition, the community needs to know dangers living with illness, economic effect and advantages of prevention of diabetes among masses. Healthcare staffs will also create awareness through training, health promotion campaign and socialize with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Community involvement Community involvement includes allowing the community to take part in health promotion program. Health promotion program implementation needs community partnership that will help foster campaigns and awareness creation aim at promoting the initiative agendas. Community involvement also helps in strengthening community action that is part of health promotion process. In the implementation of the program, the community will be involved with health representatives who will bring various people forms the community together for training. According to Cottrell, Girvan, and McKenzie (2008), community involvement in the implementation of the health promotion is key for the health promotion principles. Evaluation Evaluation and monitoring the health promotion program forms an essential part of the program stages. There are activities that form part of the evaluation process for the program and some of these activities include measuring variables in line with objective, evaluating program staffs and evaluation feedback from participants. Firstly, measuring variables in terms of promotion attendance and time taken during community activities and when implementing the program are important (Tones Tilford, 2001). To aid in evaluating the program staffs will complete the attendance register to ensure that names and the number of participants are well captured in the program. This will also help determines the number of people reached through the health promotion program. Secondly, evaluation the program staffs to get the data on participants, area covered and challenges realized during the health promotion is important for program evaluation. A well-implemented program should cover reasonable are a and reach as many people as possible. Fourthly, obtaining feedback from members of the community will also part of the evaluation process of the whole program. Feedback involves comments from participants on the materials used during the training and data on the progress of the program will also assist in the evaluation of the program (Mittelmark et al, 2008). Challenges During the implementation of the health promotion program, some challenges are most likely to affect the program. Firstly, cultural diversity among Australians is the primary challenges will highly affect the implementation of the program. Various indigenous cultural gives a different view on community involvement especially on health matters (Bunton Macdonald, 2002). In addition, language used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people offers challenging phenomenon that is most likely to affect the project. Secondly, communication barrier is another challenge as most communities require people from those areas to facilitate communication (Walton, Waiti, Signal Thomson, 2010). Those some staffs are trained on special communication skills and native languages, there is still need for more language specialized who understands the local language or culture. Thirdly, political barriers are also likely to cause challenges since different communities have been experiencing political hostility. This is a vital challenge for any activity within those communities (DiClemente, Crosby Kegler, 2002). Conclusion In conclusion, health promotion and illness prevention offer the best alternative way to tackle the diabetes problem that has made many Australians live a poor life. Statistical data show the huge cost of diabetes diseases especially diabetes type 2 disease that is currently affecting many people. Health promotion, therefore, aims to work with the community through the principle of building healthy public policy and community action. In order to involve the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, creating a supportive environment is ensured through various steps of health promotion program. Some of these stages include assessment, analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation of the project. Reference Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), (2013). Australian Health Survey: Biomedical results for chronic diseases, 201112. Canberra: ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), (2014). Australian Health Survey: National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Measures Survey 201213. Canberra: ABS Azzopardi, P., Brown, A.D., Zimmet, P. et al. (2012). Type 2 diabetes in young Indigenous Australians in rural and remote areas: diagnosis, screening, management, and prevention. The Australian Journal of Medicine, 197(1):326 Bartholomew, L. K., et al, (2006). Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Bunton, R. Macdonald, G. (2002). Health promotion: disciplines, diversity, and developments (2nd ed.). Routledge. Cottrell, R.R., Girvan, J.T., McKenzie, J.F. (2008). Principles foundations of health promotion and education (4th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. Department of Health, (12 August 2009). Healthy Active, Healthy Spaces and Places. Australian Government. DiClemente, R. J., Crosby, R. A. Kegler, M.C. (2002). Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: strategies for improving public health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Leddy, S. (2006). Health promotion: mobilizing strengths to enhance health, wellness, and well-being. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Lee, C., Colagiuri, R. Magliano D et al. (2013). The cost of diabetes in adults in Australia. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 99:385390. Marshall, B. J. (2 March 2012). School-based health promotion across Australia. Journal of School Health, 70: 251252. McKenzie, J.E., Thackeray, R., Neiger, B.L. (2009). Planning, implementing and evaluating health promotion programs: a primer (5th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. Mittelmark, M., et al, (2008). Health Promotion Encyclopedia of Public Health. London: Elsevier Naidoo, J. Wills, J. (2000). Health promotion: foundations for practice (2nd ed.). Baillire Tindall. Pender, N.J., Murdaugh, C.L., Parsons, M.A. (2006). Health promotion in nursing practice (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall. Scriven, A. (2007). Developing local alliance partnerships through community collaboration and participation. In Handsley, S.; Lloyd, C.E.; Douglas, J.; Earle, S.; Spurr, S.M. Policy, and Practice in Promoting Public Health. London: SAGE. Tones, K. Tilford, S. (2001). Health promotion: effectiveness, efficiency, and equity (3rd ed.). Cheltenham UK: Nelson Thornes. Walton, M.; Waiti, J.; Signal, L. Thomson, G. (2010). Identifying barriers to promoting healthy nutrition in New Zealand primary schools. Health Education Journal, 69 (1): 8494. Wise, M. (19 November 2008). Health Promotion in Australia. Reviewing the past and looking to the future. 18: 497508.

About Helios - Greek God of the Sun

About Helios - Greek God of the Sun Definition: Helios is the Greek sun god and the sun itself. He is equated with the Roman Sol. Helios drives a chariot led by four fire-breathing horses across the sky each day. At night he is carried back to his starting place in a great divinely-wrought cup. In Mimnermus (fl. 37th Olympiad; Ionian Greek poet), Helios vehicle is a winged, golden bed. From his lofty traveling vehicle, Helios sees everything that happens during the day, so he acts as tale-bearer to the gods. Persephone Story Helios saw Hades abducting Persephone. Demeter didnt think to ask him about her missing daughter   but wandered the earth morosely for months until her friend, the witchcraft goddess Hekate suggested that Helios might have been an eye witness. Venus and Mars Caught in a Net Story Helios owed Hephaestus for the cup that carries him to his morning daily starting point, which the smithy god had made for him, so when he witnessed an event of importance to Hephaestus, he didnt keep it to himself. He hurried to reveal the affair between Hephaestus wife Aphrodite and Ares. Parentage and Family Although Hyperion may simply be part of Helios name, usually Helios parents are the Titans Hyperion and Theia; his sisters are Selene and Eos. Helios married the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, Perseis or Perse, by whom he had Aeetes, Circe, and Pasiphae. By the Oceanid Clymene, Helios had a son Phaethon and maybe Augeas, and 3 daughters, Aegiale, Aegle, and Aetheria. These 3 daughters and two Helios had by Neaera, Lampetie, and Phaethusa, were known as the Heliades. Sun God: Helios to Apollo Around the time of Euripides, the sun of Helios became identified with Apollo. Source: Oskar Seyffert (1894) A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities Go to Other Ancient / Classical History Glossary pages beginning with the letter a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | wxyz Pronunciation: hÄ“.lÄ“.os Also Known As: Hyperion Alternate Spellings: Helius

Free Essays on Courtship Of Today And Of 1900

Courtship’s of the 1900 and Today. Courtship in the 1900 and today are very different. As showed in Thomas Hardy novel, Far From the Madding Crowd the courting rituals of today are far different from the rituals of the 1900’s. There were rules and rituals that were to be followed. Courting was a very delicate thing that was done with tedious care. The behavior of women was different also. The women were treated not as equals but, delicate beings, that needed to be cared for. Men’s roles in society and their behavior was different also. In this research paper, those difference will be discussed and examples will be given. Hopefully, this will enlighten us to the constant changes of courtship rituals. Men and women today find it much easier to date and even be platonic friends, than in the 1900’s. Today courtships are short, women often kiss their date good bye on the first date. An article which is entitled, â€Å"Courting rituals in 1900 Versus Courting rituals in 2000,† displays a skit type format. IT describes what would have taken place in the 1900’s and how the same situation would take place now. Today, it is common for a guy to tell a girl that he may drop by later to see her. When gifts are brought there is one for the girl and the girl’s mother. The conversations that take place between young men and women, is more candid(Unless). Not many men write or sent love letters anymore. Instead the men sent e-mails. Instead of calling cards being left a cell phone number is left instead. Electronic match makers are used. Men and women may meet at a certain area to have their date(Courting Rituals). In the 1900’s a courting call was a complicated event. One had to watch, and be sure that the was a definite and proper amount of time was between the invitation and the actual visit. In the 1900’s, the first courtship call had to be made with the girl’s mother present at... Free Essays on Courtship Of Today And Of 1900 Free Essays on Courtship Of Today And Of 1900 Courtship’s of the 1900 and Today. Courtship in the 1900 and today are very different. As showed in Thomas Hardy novel, Far From the Madding Crowd the courting rituals of today are far different from the rituals of the 1900’s. There were rules and rituals that were to be followed. Courting was a very delicate thing that was done with tedious care. The behavior of women was different also. The women were treated not as equals but, delicate beings, that needed to be cared for. Men’s roles in society and their behavior was different also. In this research paper, those difference will be discussed and examples will be given. Hopefully, this will enlighten us to the constant changes of courtship rituals. Men and women today find it much easier to date and even be platonic friends, than in the 1900’s. Today courtships are short, women often kiss their date good bye on the first date. An article which is entitled, â€Å"Courting rituals in 1900 Versus Courting rituals in 2000,† displays a skit type format. IT describes what would have taken place in the 1900’s and how the same situation would take place now. Today, it is common for a guy to tell a girl that he may drop by later to see her. When gifts are brought there is one for the girl and the girl’s mother. The conversations that take place between young men and women, is more candid(Unless). Not many men write or sent love letters anymore. Instead the men sent e-mails. Instead of calling cards being left a cell phone number is left instead. Electronic match makers are used. Men and women may meet at a certain area to have their date(Courting Rituals). In the 1900’s a courting call was a complicated event. One had to watch, and be sure that the was a definite and proper amount of time was between the invitation and the actual visit. In the 1900’s, the first courtship call had to be made with the girl’s mother present at...

Essay ( stress ) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

( stress ) - Essay Example According to Vrijkotte and others, stress can be defined as the physical or emotional tension. It is a feeling that is experienced when an individual is of the view that the demands are far above the resources that they can mobilize to handle the situation. In their works, Vrijkotte, Van Doornen and De Geus, reasoned that modern life is more stressful than the past, which cause a lot of stress to the person’s health. (Vrijkotte, et. al, 2000). â€Å"The preset world is marked by increased cases of stress that is evident in nearly every activity that we undertake.† as they claimed. This work will show the causes and effects of stress to describe how stress levels have risen over the last three decades. It will expose the some of the underlying factors on stress and its impact on people with focus on China and United Kingdom. Miller said that some work are associated with excessive stress as opposed to the normal work stress. The things within a person’s ability to control include taking personal responsibility for the improvement of a one’s emotional and physical well-being, identifying the pitfalls and avoiding them (Miller, 2013). Others are avoiding negative attitude while at work and learning to communicate effectively with coworkers and other people at work. The WorkStress.net website indicates that work stress is likely to manifest by instability within the family. As a result of the stressing circumstances at the work place, people are likely to extend such at home by being very arrogant to the family members, uncontrolled anger, increased temper and communication barriers (WorkStress.net., 2014). Parents who are stressed at work are likely to abuse their children and unable to understand their needs leading to their poor growth and development. In their book, Vrijkotte and others said that wrong career choices can lead to a lot of stress as well as inability to perform at the work place. One can know if they made wrong career choices when

Persuavive Letter to I.M. Bibe stating the reasons that Bibe is bound Research Paper

Persuavive Letter to I.M. Bibe stating the reasons that Bibe is bound by the Contract - Research Paper Example A possible argument would be the intoxicating effect of wine that distorted your judgment; however, this will encounter legal obstacles. This is because an individual who is highly subdued by the wine cannot enter into valid contracts. As such, in an extreme intoxicated state your hand will not be firm enough to outline a clear signature. The signature was firm and accurate like your other signatures. Furthermore, there are few cases, which back Owen Lotts claim of holding you liable to the agreement. The courts set precedents on earlier cases that make it possible for the legal representation of Lotts to pursue this issue with vigor. The argument in Guidini vs. Guidini Case where the plaintiff claimed he was not sober upon making the agreement cannot apply. Although they are similar because Lotts was buying the wine for you (I.M.Bibe); furthermore, in the Guidini case, the contract was signed after two weeks (Guidici v. Guidici, 2 Cal.2d 497 (Cal., 1935). This technicality erodes an y binding precedent to the case since not all factors are similar. The case of Donnelly’s vs. Rees indicates that one of the parties was intoxicated and convinced into finalizing a contract (Donnelly v. Rees, 141 Cal. 56 (Cal. 1903). However, in the Donnelly’s case, the plaintiff was drunk for longer periods unlike in your setting where you had lunch. This is a basis to argue the non-application of this precedent in this case. Interestingly, the elements in Marron vs. Marron are similar to the Donnelly’s case, and will emphasize Lotts plea in affirming your liability (Marron v. Marron, 19 Cal. App. 326. (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 1912). It would be considerably difficult to present your innocence since no supportive precedent of your situation exists. Furthermore, in the case of Swan v. Tablot, the precedent was affirmative that equity will not allow an individual to escape liability claiming he was not sober upon

Recycling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Recycling - Research Paper Example In recent times, recycling and taking care of our environment as a whole is critically a big thing. While reusing our wastes seems to be the best method, often times this proofs to be a difficult task. Just everyone has a clear understanding that our environment is in way endangered. Of serious concerns is the amount of waste we put in the air, ground and water all year round. Looking at the world many places have been and continue to be, polluted garbage, toxic wastes and radioactive wastes (Shaufique, Sidique, & Joshi, 2010, p. 247). Recycling does come in handy in our today world of wastes. Many still might not know the importance of recycling and its help to our environment today. Of interest though is that recycling appears to be a concept generally introduced recently, but in actual terms recycling has been around for thousands of years. Before the introduction of the industrial age, people around then couldn’t make goods in a quicker and most convenient way. As a result this forced them to practices some form of recycling. During this error large scale recycling was at its rear existence due to technological limitation experienced. With the introduction of mass production of the industrial age comes along with utmost need to practice large-scale recycling (Shaufique, Sidique, & Joshi, 2010). It’s human nature that once products are available and purchased cheaply, then it makes sense to them to simply throw old items and pick new ones in that order. Sincerely this culture of simply disposing goods any how creates a number of environmental problems. Myths of Recycling The whole idea of recycling is not that wholly accepted, there are a lot of myths surrounding buying and uses of recycled products. This includes: Recycled products being hard to find in the market- well it used to be true but not anymore, as there are a lot of recycled products in our immediate vicinity, assumptions that recycled papers aren’t as good as non-recycled pa pers- as of today there is no big difference between recycled and non-recycled paper and recycled outputs costing more money- it clearly used to be the case sometimes ago especially on some materials but this is not the case recently actually today most recycled products are often cheaper than those from non-recycled products (Shaufique, Sidique, & Joshi, 2010). Additionally, Inferiority in recycled products quality- this is actually not the case, on the contrary recycled products have high qualities and are more reliable. In today’s world human beings are in way making many environmental ethics decisions in some broader formality. This includes: Decisions as to whether to continue to clear our forests all in the reason of human consumption, decisions as to whether to continue propagating life and the entire species altogether and decision as to whether in present world we continue to make more gasoline powered vehicles. Others include decision regarding human abilities to sa feguard the environment for incoming future generations and most importantly how best should human being use and generally at the same time conserve the space environment for security and expansion of life (Martin, Williams, &

British Airways Leadership Style

British Airways Leadership Style Examining Leadership style in British Airways 1. ABSTRACT This is a study which examine the leadership in British airways and also evaluates their leader i.e. Willie Walsh using the relevant theories on leadership. Also critically evaluate the leadership style that is required for the success of British Airways. Reflections on leadership styles used in our previous jobs are also provided below. 2. INTRODUCTION 2(a). LEADERSHIP Leadership has and will always be an important factor in human affairs. In todays time it has become essential for organisations to have a good leader for its success at the same time its becoming challenging to find the right type of leader for the job as mentioned in (Kotler, 1988) Leadership is an activity, that of influencing the behaviour and beliefs and feelings of other group members in an intended direction as mentioned in (wright taylor, 1984). Leadership is only a part of the managers job not the whole thing. According to (Posner Kouzes, 2002, p. 13) 5 common practices of all leaders Model the way Inspire a shared vision Challenge the process Enable others to act Encourage the heart 2(b). BRITISH AIRWAYS British Airways Plc is the UKs biggest international scheduled airlines. They not only have scheduled services but also operation of international and domestic carriage of freight and mail, and ancillary services. British Airways fly to more than 300 destinations. It was established in 1910 it was formed to preserve the records and artefacts of British Airways predecessor companies BOAC, BEA, BSAA and the pre-war Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd. BA was the first to launch the worlds first daily international scheduled air service between London and Paris. It was a public sector company which in 1981 LordKing was appointed Chairman he was then charged by the SecretaryofStateforTrade to take all necessary steps for privatisation. (Airways) British airway has been known to have problem with its employees, being punctual , and financial losses from a very long time it had major problems in the beginning of 1980 which 2(c). WILLIE WALSH He was born on 25th of October1961 in Dublin, Ireland. In 1979, he joined Aer Lingus as a cadet. During his years as a pilot he was a chief negotiator for the union of pilots. He acquired a Masters degree in management and business administration from Trinity College, Dublin and later became a CEO of Futura in 1998 before he became a CEO of Aer Lingus 2000. Here he turned a loss making organisation into a profit making organisation within 6 months by reducing cost and selling painting and art from their office and also by cutting jobs. In 2005 he resigned from his position as the government refused to privatise the air lines. compiled from the various annual reports of the Aer Lingus Currently he is the CEO of British Airways. In May 2005 Willie Walsh became a Chief Executive Designate, after Rod Eddington as Chief Executive on 1 October 2005. He was hired as British Airways were wanting to reduce cost and make themselves into a low cost airlines. From the annual reports of the British Airways 2(d). FRAMEWORKS USED Trait Theory Michigan and Ohio University Studies Transactional, Transformation and Charismatic Leadership Situational Leadership Theory 3. LITERATURE REVIEW Globalization has made companies compete not only in the domestic but also in the global markets, and the demand for an effective leadership has become highly important. Many studies exist on the subject of leadership; this is mainly due to the fact that leaders are responsible for the main essential task in an organization such as creating, sharing and exploiting organizational knowledge, enabling an organization to grow (Bryant, 2003). There is no specific formula for being a good leader many scholars over the years have debated over the fact what makes a good leader. Earlier scholars believe that leaders were born and the skills to be a good leader cannot be achieved over the years one such theory is The Great Mans Theory other earlier theories such as Trait theory studies the various traits of a good leader and states that only people having such traits can be good leaders. Even this theory believes in leader are by birth. However the more recent theories look at the behaviour and not the traits and personality. Kouzes and Posner state that Leadership is an identifiable set of skills which are available in all men and women not just in a few charismatic and gifted people (Posner Kouzes, 2002) The following theories are used by me to analyse the leadership style of Willie Walsh in context to British Airways Trait Theory By Stogdil (Stogdil, 1974) There are various theories on traits of leaders they all have a few common qualities that are required by a good leader. This theory believes that leaders are born and the skills and traits of a good leader cannot be acquired over a period of time. Stogdil in 1974 identified and suggested the following traits and skills as critical and existent in all leaders TRAITS SKILLS Adaptability to situations Alert to social environment Ambitious and achievement orientated Assertive Cooperative Decisive Dependable Dominant i.e. having a desire to influence others Energetic Persistent Self-confident Tolerant to stress Willing to assume responsibility Clever Conceptually skilled Creative Diplomatic and tactful Fluent in speaking Knowledgeable about group task Organised (administrative ability) Persuasive Socially skilled Michigan Ohio Studies Michigan University had conducted various studies on leadership in the year 1950. There research showed that leaders could be broadly divided into three categories depending on their characteristics. Task oriented behaviour- Leaders would concentrate on task and not on building a relationship with their subordinates. They did not do the same tasks as their subordinates they concentrated more on activities like scheduling planning coordinating and providing the resources for their subordinates to perform their tasks. Relationship oriented behaviour- These leaders not only focused on task oriented but also gave importance to building up relations with their subordinates helping them not only in their careers but also in their personal lives thus forming a bond with their subordinates more than close control. They believe in rewarding their subordinate with both Intrinsic as well as extrinsic ways. They basically provided the goal and left it onto their subordinates to decide the path they wanted to take. Participative leadership- These leaders include their subordinates as team members in their decision making process at the same time their decision is final independent whether it matches with the decision of the subordinates. These leaders are nature good team leaders. Such leaders are more facilitative than directive while solving problems. These leaders are more effective for teams rather than individuals. Transactional, Transformation and Charismatic leadership Transactional leaders believe that people can be motivated either by reward or punishment. They create clear structures as to the requirement of what is expected from the subordinates and what would get them rewards or punishments. the subordinate is fully responsible for the work given to him no matter what ever the circumstance that caused the failure. According to Bass a transactional leader comprised of contingent reward (CRW), active management by exception (MBEA), and passive management by exception (MBEP). (Bass M. B., 1985) Transformational leaders are leaders have a vision of transformation that excites and converts potential followers. These leaders may or may not be aware of the way that leads to fulfilment of the vision. Such a leader comprises of idealized influence (II), individualized consideration (IC), intellectual stimulation (IS), and inspirational motivation (IM). (Bass M. B., 1985). Charismatic leadership are leaders who attract followers using their personality, charm rather than using any form of external power or authority. These leaders while interacting with a person make the person feel extremely important. They spend a lot of time learning their environment Bass mentions that a transformational leader also will emphasize on higher motive development, and arouse followers motivation by means of creating and representing an inspiring vision of the future (Bass B. M., 1997) Situational Leadership Theory- The main school of thought of this theory is that there is no one way of leadership style. It states that a leader who uses different leadership styles dependant on the situation he is in (Hersey Blanchard, 1988). This theory has been proposed by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey. This model allows you to analyse the various needs of the situation a leader may find himself in and suggest the most appropriate leadership style for the situation. source (Hersey Blanchard, 1988) As seen above this theory divides leadership styles into the following categories Directing (S1)- This leaders is a high directive and a low supportive behaviour orientated Coaching (S2)- This leader is high Directive as well as high Supportive behaviour oriented Supporting (S3)- This leader is a high Supportive and low Directive behaviour orientated Delegating (S4)- This leader is low Supportive as well as low Directive behaviour orientated (Huczynsky Buchanan, 2007) For this model to be successful it is extremely important that the leader should accurately judge the confidence and motivation of his followers. From all the above theories we see that there is no one best way to predict a successful leader. All the above theories have different ways of looking at leaders. The best way to examine whether a person is a good leader or not is to study him is comparing him to various theories on leadership. 4. EXAMINING BRITISH AIRWAYS LEADERSHIP STYLE The main reason for British Airways to select Willie Walsh as their CEO was because at that time British Airways was facing stiff competition from low cost airlines. His success as a leader in Aer Lingus an Irish flight carrier which was almost on its way to bankruptcy and then Willie Walsh stepped in not only turning the carrier into a profit making carrier but also one of the most successful carrier of Ireland. During the analysis I found Willie Walsh to have the following characteristic from the various articles written on him. Intimidating- as his peers were afraid to raise question about T5 at Heathrow before it was inaugurated. Peers are not involved in decisions- He was found to seclude himself and his colleagues found it difficult to approach him (Michaels, 2006). He is very strong minded and confident He does what he believes to be correct with or without any fan following (Walsh, 2009) Hugely energetic, Hard worker and a workaholic he has not taken a vacation for the past 3 years (Walsh, 2009) His work is only professional no emotions- This is the main reason as to his success at turning flight carriers profitable as he does this by cutting cost by job cuts. Tuff leader who rules with an iron fist- his peers at Aerlingus use to call him Slasher Walsh. Confrontational- He is always involved in the meeting with the union and management. Now he sits on the managements side but earlier he use to sit on the unions side. He is ruthless in his decision- He fired 2 of the oldest managers of British Airways over the terminal 5 fiasco (Milmo, 2008). He believes in leading by being a role model- He and Keith Williams, finance director of BA worked unpaid and requested the staff also to consider unpaid leave or working part time (Travel Weekly(UK), 2009) Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to Trait Theory From the above table we observe that Willie Walsh has most of the traits and skills that are required by a successful leader Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to Michigan and Ohio University studies Michigan Ohio University studies classify Willie Walsh as a leader with Task oriented behaviour. This is seen as he does not maintain any relationship he is only is interested in work if he feels someone is redundant or not doing his work efficiently he fires them. (Nexis,UK, 2005). He also expects his employees to get the work given to them whether or not they have the resources and capability to do the work given to them. Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to Transactional, Transformation and Charismatic Leadership Willie Walsh follows a transactional style of leadership. As he is task oriented and does not believe in building relations. He believes that the salary given to employee is a reward for their work and in case they dont do their work properly they should be punished. Thus motivation for doing the job is either reward or to avoid punishment. He is not supportive to them in their work or personal lives as a transformational leader would be nor does he have the qualities of a charismatic leader as people do not follow him by choice but by compulsion. He also does not take out time to know his subordinates and what would motivate them. Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to situational leadership Willie Walsh can be placed in the S1 quadrant as he has a high directive and a low supportive oriented behaviour. However the theory states that a leader should be flexible and should change his style from time to time depending on the situation however the data collected on Willie Walsh does not show any signs of flexibility and he follows the same leadership style. Thus we can say that according to this theory Willie Walsh is not a good leader. Evaluation Reflection Critical Conclusion Bibliography Bibliography Airways, b. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 22, 2009, from www.ba.co.uk Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychologist , 52, 130-139. Bass, M. B. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, . New York: Free Press. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H. (1988). Management of Organisational Behaviour: Utilising Human Resources. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Huczynsky, A. A., Buchanan, D. A. (2007). Organisational Behaviour (6 ed.). Pioltello: Rotolito Lombanda SPA. Kotler, J. P. (1988). The Leadership Factor. Free press . Michaels, D. (2006, October 2). British Airs New Challenges; Walsh Must Tackle Rising Pension Deficit, Transition at Heathrow. Walstreet Jornal , p. B.12. Milmo, D. (2008, April 16). Youre fired: T5 fiasco proves terminal for BA bosses as Walsh takes personal charge. The Guardian. Nexis,UK. (2005, December 23). British Airways Walsh step up BA turnaround. Travel Trade Gazette UK Ireland , p. 12. Posner, Kouzes. (2002). leadership the challange. san fransisco: jossey bass. Stogdil, R. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of literature. New York: Free Press . Travel Weekly(UK). (2009). BA bosses to work without pay in July. Travel Weekly(UK) , 7. Walsh, W. (2009, August 27). I Didnt Set out to be a CEO. (T. Independant, Interviewer) wright, p. l., taylor, s. d. (1984). improving leadership performance: a practical approach to leadership. london: prentice-hall international Inc. Bryant S. E. (2003), The role of Transformational and Transactional Leadership in Creating, Sharing and Exploiting Organizational Knowledge, Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 9 (4), pp. 32-44

The Character of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarle

The Character of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, provides us with intricate characters to analyze and evaluate.   Hawthorne carefully constructs his characters, giving them each different emotions, values, physical attributes, and thus creating different souls.   One sees character development throughout the book, until at the end, one is left with an image of a seemingly "real" person.   One of Hawthorne's carefully constructed characters is, Arthur Dimmesdale.   With Arthur, one sees how sin changes him dramatically, causing in him moral conflicts.   Dimmesdale is continually trying to see who he is.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of Hawthorne's novel, we are introduced to Hester Prynne, who has been condemned for adultery.   Through this sin, she has a child named Pearl.   The bigger controversy though, is who is Hester's "partner in crime."   But for seven years, Hester does not reveal it to anyone, not even her husband, Roger Prynne, who comes to town the day she is brought up on the scaffold.   Prynne is not happy about finding his wife convicted of being an adulteress.   He feels that the other guilty party should be up on the scaffold with her.   His deep want to find the guilty party, leads him to disguise his identity, and he becomes, Roger Chillingworth.   Hester agrees to keep his secret.   The novel takes us through the seven years that Hester keeps quiet.   A reader of the novel finds out early that Arthur Dimmesdale is the man Hester is trying to protect.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One notices, that even in the beginning, there is deep inner conflict affecting Dimmesdale.... ...ter of Dimmesdale is excellently constructed through the actions and words that Hawthorne writes.       Works Cited and Consulted Brodhead, Richard H., "New and Old Tales: The Scarlet Letter," Modern Critical Views Nathaniel Hawthorne, New York, Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Dibble, Terry J., Cliff Notes on The Scarlet Letter, Lincoln, Cliff Notes, Inc., 1988. Fogle, Richard Harter, "The Scarlet Letter," Hawthorne's Fiction The Light and The Dark, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1975. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: St. Martins, 1991. Matthiessen, F.O., "The Scarlet Letter," Critics on Hawthorne, Readings in Literary Criticism: 16, Coral Gables, University of Miami Press, 1972. Matthiessen, F.O., Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Halls Inc., 1968. The Character of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Scarle The Character of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, provides us with intricate characters to analyze and evaluate.   Hawthorne carefully constructs his characters, giving them each different emotions, values, physical attributes, and thus creating different souls.   One sees character development throughout the book, until at the end, one is left with an image of a seemingly "real" person.   One of Hawthorne's carefully constructed characters is, Arthur Dimmesdale.   With Arthur, one sees how sin changes him dramatically, causing in him moral conflicts.   Dimmesdale is continually trying to see who he is.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of Hawthorne's novel, we are introduced to Hester Prynne, who has been condemned for adultery.   Through this sin, she has a child named Pearl.   The bigger controversy though, is who is Hester's "partner in crime."   But for seven years, Hester does not reveal it to anyone, not even her husband, Roger Prynne, who comes to town the day she is brought up on the scaffold.   Prynne is not happy about finding his wife convicted of being an adulteress.   He feels that the other guilty party should be up on the scaffold with her.   His deep want to find the guilty party, leads him to disguise his identity, and he becomes, Roger Chillingworth.   Hester agrees to keep his secret.   The novel takes us through the seven years that Hester keeps quiet.   A reader of the novel finds out early that Arthur Dimmesdale is the man Hester is trying to protect.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One notices, that even in the beginning, there is deep inner conflict affecting Dimmesdale.... ...ter of Dimmesdale is excellently constructed through the actions and words that Hawthorne writes.       Works Cited and Consulted Brodhead, Richard H., "New and Old Tales: The Scarlet Letter," Modern Critical Views Nathaniel Hawthorne, New York, Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Dibble, Terry J., Cliff Notes on The Scarlet Letter, Lincoln, Cliff Notes, Inc., 1988. Fogle, Richard Harter, "The Scarlet Letter," Hawthorne's Fiction The Light and The Dark, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1975. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: St. Martins, 1991. Matthiessen, F.O., "The Scarlet Letter," Critics on Hawthorne, Readings in Literary Criticism: 16, Coral Gables, University of Miami Press, 1972. Matthiessen, F.O., Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Halls Inc., 1968.