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Question: Discuss about theHealth Promotion and Illness Prevention for Aboriginal. Answer: Introduction Health promotion refers to the process geared towards enabling people to improve and have control over their health. Health promotion aims to help population live healthy and free from life-threatening diseases. In addition, health promotion enables the prevention of diseases or illness resulting from diseases such as diabetes type 2 diseases. Diabetes type 2 disease has been both economically and health-wise significant in the life of many people in Australia and throughout the world. Health promotion initiative, therefore, plays an important role in community healthy living. It takes the noble task to develop health promotion program that will assist the many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to control their lives and live a healthy life free from diseases through prevention of illness (Marshall, 2012). There are different stages of development of health promotion program. Some of these stages include assessment, analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation of the program. The following paper, therefore, explores various stages of health promotion and illness prevention program aimed at dealing with diabetes type 2 disease as a health problem. Assessment Diabetes type 2 disease is one of the diseases that cause many families economically handicapped due to its side effects. The economic effect of the diabetes type 2 points to the need to tame this chronic disease that is affecting a significant population throughout the world. In Australia alone, the economic effect of diabetes type 2 disease is great and more effort is needed to do health promotion and disease prevention in Australia (Scriven, 2007). This health promotion and prevention of diabetes illness will help reduce disease effect and promote healthy living among populations. Diabetes generally leads to various poor health complications such as blindness, amputation and poor health living. Firstly, diabetes is known the cause of blindness for many patients living in Australia. Secondly, there are ever increasing amputations in Australia that result from patients with diabetes type 2 diseases. Approximately 4400 amputations are done every year in Australia due to complications of diabetes diseases (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as one of the vulnerable communities in Australia has a very diverse culture that proves challenging despite worrying statistics about the community. Analysis Analysis stage basically involves analysis of health outcomes of debates type 2 diseases. When understanding the health data concerning diabetes type 2 disease, it is important to analyze data on health complication arising from diabetes diseases. Firstly, the diabetes health data shows that nearly 280 Australians develops debates daily with about five minutes recording one person. Diabetes type 2 patients account for over 85% of all diabetes patients in Australia with fear of a fast increase in the number. Of the statistics about 1.2 million diabetes type 2 patients have been diagnosed and registered in Australia alone thereby putting many Australians in the risk of developing the disease. An estimated number of 500000 people have not been diagnosed though they also have the disease (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Secondly, health complication such as preventable blindness also indicates a worrying data. Approximately 72000 Australians are experiencing retinopathy coupled with poor eyesight. This statistics shows that the number of patients with retinopathy is estimated to be 15% of diabetes type 2 patients. Preventable blindness is estimated to have the high indirect cost of more than $2.07 billion per year. The figure translates to over $28000 per patient suffering from preventable blindness disease. This leaves no doubt about the poor health condition that is experienced by patients (Lee, Colagiuri Magliano et al, 2013). Thirdly, amputation is another complication that characterizes the diabetes diseases. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013), there are more than 4400 amputations that are experienced in Australian due to diabetes complications. This number is also associated with ulcers that may result in mortality as estimated that nearly 1000 patients died from ulcers developed on amputated limbs. This amputation and the subsequent limbs diseases cause over $875 million annually (Australian diabetes foot network, 2012). The diabetes data overall shows that any attempt to reduce the number patients suffering from this diabetes complication will result in saving a huge amount of money normally set for treatment of diabetes and related complications. These data necessitate the need for health promotion that aims to increase community awareness on healthy living free from illness related to diabetes type 2 diseases. In order to reduce the cost associated with diabetes diseases and save life health promotion will help train people on ways to take control of their life and prevent illness. Health promotion program is one of the sustainable healthcare strategies with the scope of raising community involvement in illness prevention (Pender, Murdaugh Parsons, 2006). Health promotion program is very important for vulnerable indigenous communities such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander whose health records are still worrying. Many statistics indicate that there is need to extend this health promotion to these communities hence reduce the vulnerability of these people to chronic disease of diabetes type 2 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Planning Health promotion program planning is another important stage of health promotion program. Planning stages involves various aspects such as training staffs, gathering all the required resources for the program, developing activities that will be carried out, ensuring all the required staffs are coordinated and obtaining the necessary support from local officials. Firstly, program staffs are trained in preparation for the project implementation (Leddy, 2006). Various staffs are training on the content materials that will be used in training the community. The training also emphasizes on the communication skills that will assist the staffs in training people. Secondly, as part of planning, local authorities are informed of the pending community-based activity that is beneficial to the public. This is to ensure that there is necessary permission from local authorities operates in areas that will be covered during program implementation. Thirdly, as part of planning, the stage will also i nvolve identification of areas that will be prioritized during the program. These areas will be -visited to ensure that nurses are well acquitted with the area and communities living in those places. This also allows staffs to understand the cultural effect of training and community involvement. Fourthly, all the resources that are required for programs implementation are planned to ensure that upon implementation the program will proceed smoothly (Bartholomew et al, 2006). Implementation Implementation of the interventions aimed at preventing illness in the community involves various processes. Some of this process includes community training, the creation of health awareness and community involvement. Training As part of implementations, various training materials on diabetes disease are disseminated by our staffs to various parts of the training centers. Some of the factors that are most likely to effects training include communication skills, team building and content of the training materials (Wise, 2008, pp 497508). Firstly, communication skills such as verbal and non-verbal skills assist the staffs to training the community on control and prevention of diabetes. Secondly, team building will be the basic foundation of community involvement in prevention and control of diabetes among masses. Finally, the content of training will be affected in the society particularly to the community through staffs to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Health staffs particularly nurse will play an important role in extending training on the necessary care for both patients and families (Naidoo Wills, 2000). Training offers the best opportunity for the health promotion team to interact with the community and every individual within the healthcare chain. Training will also bring key players in health care system together to tackle the problem of diabetes type 2 disease that is currently affecting a huge number of people throughout Australia. Various staffs will build teamwork initiative aim towards bringing people from all walks of life together for the common goal of reducing the prevalence of diabetes type 2 disease in the society. In connection with Ottawa charter, the training will aim to raise personal skills and knowledge on healthy living aimed at controlling and prevention of diabetes (McKenzie, Thackeray Neiger, 2009). Creation of health awareness Creation of health awareness on the prevention rather cure of diabetes in the community is another strategy to help to create a supportive environment. The basic foundation of the health awareness will be based on the need for healthy living among people (Department of Health, 2009). In addition, the community needs to know dangers living with illness, economic effect and advantages of prevention of diabetes among masses. Healthcare staffs will also create awareness through training, health promotion campaign and socialize with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Community involvement Community involvement includes allowing the community to take part in health promotion program. Health promotion program implementation needs community partnership that will help foster campaigns and awareness creation aim at promoting the initiative agendas. Community involvement also helps in strengthening community action that is part of health promotion process. In the implementation of the program, the community will be involved with health representatives who will bring various people forms the community together for training. According to Cottrell, Girvan, and McKenzie (2008), community involvement in the implementation of the health promotion is key for the health promotion principles. Evaluation Evaluation and monitoring the health promotion program forms an essential part of the program stages. There are activities that form part of the evaluation process for the program and some of these activities include measuring variables in line with objective, evaluating program staffs and evaluation feedback from participants. Firstly, measuring variables in terms of promotion attendance and time taken during community activities and when implementing the program are important (Tones Tilford, 2001). To aid in evaluating the program staffs will complete the attendance register to ensure that names and the number of participants are well captured in the program. This will also help determines the number of people reached through the health promotion program. Secondly, evaluation the program staffs to get the data on participants, area covered and challenges realized during the health promotion is important for program evaluation. A well-implemented program should cover reasonable are a and reach as many people as possible. Fourthly, obtaining feedback from members of the community will also part of the evaluation process of the whole program. Feedback involves comments from participants on the materials used during the training and data on the progress of the program will also assist in the evaluation of the program (Mittelmark et al, 2008). Challenges During the implementation of the health promotion program, some challenges are most likely to affect the program. Firstly, cultural diversity among Australians is the primary challenges will highly affect the implementation of the program. Various indigenous cultural gives a different view on community involvement especially on health matters (Bunton Macdonald, 2002). In addition, language used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people offers challenging phenomenon that is most likely to affect the project. Secondly, communication barrier is another challenge as most communities require people from those areas to facilitate communication (Walton, Waiti, Signal Thomson, 2010). Those some staffs are trained on special communication skills and native languages, there is still need for more language specialized who understands the local language or culture. Thirdly, political barriers are also likely to cause challenges since different communities have been experiencing political hostility. This is a vital challenge for any activity within those communities (DiClemente, Crosby Kegler, 2002). Conclusion In conclusion, health promotion and illness prevention offer the best alternative way to tackle the diabetes problem that has made many Australians live a poor life. Statistical data show the huge cost of diabetes diseases especially diabetes type 2 disease that is currently affecting many people. Health promotion, therefore, aims to work with the community through the principle of building healthy public policy and community action. In order to involve the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, creating a supportive environment is ensured through various steps of health promotion program. Some of these stages include assessment, analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation of the project. Reference Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), (2013). Australian Health Survey: Biomedical results for chronic diseases, 201112. Canberra: ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), (2014). Australian Health Survey: National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Measures Survey 201213. Canberra: ABS Azzopardi, P., Brown, A.D., Zimmet, P. et al. (2012). 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